Conflict dynamics in the Middle East have persisted for decades, creating ongoing stalemate and uncertainty. Various historical, cultural, and political factors contributed to the maintenance of the crisis. In this article, we will explore the main elements that contribute to the continuation of conflict in the region.
1. Long History of Tension
The Middle East conflict is rooted in a complex history, especially between Israel and Palestine, which began with the founding of the State of Israel in 1948. These tensions were exacerbated by several wars, including the Six Day War (1967) and the first and second Intifadas. A history of oppression, displacement, and loss of land adds an emotional layer to this conflict, making it impossible to resolve without genuine commitment from both sides.
2. Religion and Identity Factors
Religion plays a central role in conflicts in the Middle East, where ethnic identity and religious belief often intersect. Tensions between Sunnis and Shiites, exacerbating problems in countries such as Iraq and Syria, present challenges in creating national ties. Religious symbols are used by groups to recruit members and generate support, making dialogue more difficult.
3. Foreign Intervention
Foreign intervention, both from Western countries and neighboring countries, has also heated up conditions. In many cases, military and financial support from countries such as the United States and Russia prolongs the conflict, with each side seeking to assert their influence in the region. The Syrian conflict, for example, involves many global powers and makes the situation worse.
4. Economic Issues and Resources
Natural resources, especially oil, serve as an important factor in conflict dynamics. Economic dependence on oil in the Gulf states creates tensions between national and regional interests. Disputes over access to and control of resources often fuel conflict, as seen in tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia.
5. Involvement of Militant Groups
The emergence of militant groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda has changed the face of the conflict. These groups exploit societal discontent and power vacuums to recruit and expand their reach. Their activities not only prolong conflicts but also spread extremism around the world, linking local issues to global agendas.
6. Refugee Crisis
The protracted conflict has led to a major refugee crisis, with millions of people forced to flee their homes. This not only adds to the social and economic burden on neighboring countries such as Lebanon and Jordan but also worsens the geopolitical situation in Europe. This crisis raises deep questions about human rights and the moral responsibilities of other states.
7. Failed Negotiations and Agreements
Diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, from the Oslo Peace Process to recent initiatives from third parties, have often failed to achieve a comprehensive resolution. Deep distrust between the parties involved, as well as frequent changes in domestic political power, hinder effective peace procedures.
8. Global Strategy Change
Changes in global strategy, especially with the rise of new powers in Asia and shifting interests, reduced the focus on Middle East conflicts. The expansion of China’s influence and Russia’s re-engagement confront Western countries with new challenges. This has the potential to create new dynamics in existing conflicts, with far-reaching implications for regional stability.
The dynamics of conflict in the Middle East have become a complex phenomenon and have touched many lives. Through a better understanding of these factors, it is hoped that more effective steps can be taken to overcome the protracted crisis.